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BPC-157
Stable gastric pentadecapeptide, a staple of tissue-repair research.
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Peptides · Hormonal
PT-141
99.91% purity · Lot YGAFK7 · tested May 12, 2026CAS189691-06-3FormulaC50H68N14O10MW1025.16
Melanocortin-receptor agonist for central signalling research.
- Independently tested
- Lot-matched COA
- Lyophilized for stability
- Ships from the USA
Research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. Sold to qualified researchers aged 21+.
$75.002 for $75 — $37.50 per vial
1
Lot-matched documentation. Every order ships with the certificate for its lot. If a vial arrives damaged or doesn't match its paperwork, tell us within 72 hours and we'll replace it.
Latest lab results
Third-party testedPT-141 10 mg
- Purity (HPLC-UV)
- 99.91%
- Identity (LC-MS)
- Confirmed — PT-141
- Net content
- 11.57 mg (label 10 mg)
- Lot
- YGAFK7
- Tested
- May 12, 2026
- Lab
- Freedom Diagnostics Testing
Your order ships with the certificate for its own lot. 1 earlier certificate for this size in the COA library.
About PT-141
Melanocortin-receptor agonist for central signalling research.
Supplied as
10 mg per vial, as a lyophilized powder in a sealed glass vial with a crimped cap. The lot number on the label matches the certificate of analysis in the COA library.
Storage and handling
Store lyophilized powder frozen (−20 °C) or refrigerated, sealed and away from light. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated (2–8 °C).
Handle in a laboratory setting using appropriate protective equipment. Consult the certificate of analysis and safety data for lot-specific information.
Important research notice. This product is intended solely for in-vitro and laboratory research. It is not a drug, food, supplement or cosmetic, has not been evaluated by the FDA, and must not be used in humans or animals. Peptides Only does not provide usage or dosing information.
Research summary
PT-141 is the development code for bremelanotide, a synthetic cyclic seven-residue analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) that activates melanocortin receptors, chiefly the MC4 receptor in the brain. Developed from melanotan II, bremelanotide is the active ingredient of Vyleesi, which the FDA approved in June 2019 for premenopausal women with acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Peptides Only supplies PT-141 as a lyophilized compound for laboratory research only; it is not the approved drug product.
- Also known as
- Bremelanotide · PT 141 · PT141
- Sequence
- Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH
What is PT-141 (bremelanotide)?
PT-141 is a synthetic peptide analog of alpha-MSH and an agonist at melanocortin receptors, including MC3R and MC4R, which are expressed mainly in the central nervous system1. Palatin Technologies developed it as an analog of melanotan II2, and it keeps MT-II's cyclic core, Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]3. The two molecular formulas differ by one nitrogen, one hydrogen and one oxygen, consistent with a free C-terminal acid in PT-141 where melanotan II carries an amide.
The research interest grew out of melanotan II: the finding that MT-II produced erections in several species, including humans, prompted the search for related agents, and by 2007 bremelanotide was the only one studied clinically in both men and women4. The FDA approved it as Vyleesi in June 2019 for premenopausal women with acquired, generalized HSDD, characterized by low sexual desire that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty5.
Mechanism: central melanocortin signaling
In rats and non-human primates, PT-141 produced penile erections, and systemic administration in rats increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic neurons, in a region that neural tracing links to the penis1.
In female rats, Pfaus and colleagues reported that PT-141 selectively increased solicitational behaviors, the appetitive part of sexual behavior, without changing lordosis, pacing, general motor activity or sexual reward6. A 2022 review describes bremelanotide as a nonselective melanocortin agonist whose most relevant target is MC4R in the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus, where animal data suggest it increases dopamine release7.
Human studies
Early studies tested an intranasal formulation. In healthy men and men with erectile dysfunction, peak levels came about 30 minutes after administration, the half-life was about two hours, and flushing and nausea were the most common adverse events8. In a small crossover study of 18 premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder, more women reported moderate or high desire after bremelanotide than after placebo, while vaginal vasocongestion did not change significantly9.
The decisive evidence came from RECONNECT, two identical 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials that enrolled 1,267 premenopausal women with HSDD. Bremelanotide produced statistically significant increases in the desire domain of the Female Sexual Function Index and reductions in desire-related distress compared with placebo; nausea, flushing and headache each occurred in 10% or more of participants10.
Safety findings from the clinical program
An integrated review of the development program, about 3,500 participants in 43 studies, reported nausea in 40.0% of bremelanotide recipients versus 1.3% on placebo, flushing in 20.3% versus 1.3%, and headache in 11.3% versus 1.9%. Focal hyperpigmentation was rare with labeled use but appeared in more than a third of participants after up to 16 consecutive daily administrations, and small, transient blood-pressure increases were recorded on ambulatory monitoring11.
Limitations and open questions
- The approval covers one population, premenopausal women with acquired, generalized HSDD5; data in men and other groups come from earlier-phase studies4,8.
- Differences from placebo on the desire score were 0.30 and 0.42 points in the two phase 3 trials, which were funded by the companies developing the drug10.
- Research-grade PT-141 is not Vyleesi. Formulation and manufacturing oversight differ, and forensic analysis of seized black-market bremelanotide shows why identity has to be confirmed analytically12.
Sourcing PT-141 for research
Peptides Only supplies PT-141 as a lyophilized powder for laboratory research only. Every lot ships with a lot-matched certificate of analysis from an independent lab, reporting HPLC purity and mass-spectrometry identity, published in our COA library. Its parent compound is Melanotan-2; the article PT-141 vs Melanotan-2 sets out how the two differ, and how to read a peptide COA explains the certificate.
PT-141 FAQ
Is PT-141 approved by the FDA?
Bremelanotide, the molecule coded PT-141, is the active ingredient of Vyleesi, approved by the FDA in June 2019 for premenopausal women with acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder5. That approval applies to the finished drug product. PT-141 sold by Peptides Only is a research compound for laboratory use and is not a drug.
Is PT-141 the same as bremelanotide?
Yes. PT-141 is the code used in early development papers1, and bremelanotide is the nonproprietary name used in later clinical and approval literature5,9.
What is the difference between PT-141 and Melanotan-2?
PT-141 was developed as an analog of melanotan II2; the two share the same cyclic core and differ at the C-terminus, an acid in PT-141 versus an amide in melanotan II. Melanotan II was never approved; bremelanotide went through phase 3 trials to FDA approval10. See PT-141 vs Melanotan-2.
Does PT-141 act in the brain or on blood vessels?
Research points to a central mechanism: activation of hypothalamic neurons in rats1 and MC4 receptors in the medial preoptic area7. A 2007 review noted that, unlike phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, melanocortin agonists in clinical studies were not associated with hypotension4.
Further reading
References
- Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, et al. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:96-102. PubMed 12851303
- Hadley ME, Dorr RT. Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization. Peptides. 2006;27(4):921-30. PubMed 16412534
- Dorr RT, Lines R, et al. Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study. Life Sci. 1996;58(20):1777-84. PubMed 8637402
- Shadiack AM, Sharma SD, et al. Melanocortins in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunction. Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7(11):1137-44. PubMed 17584134
- Dhillon S, Keam SJ. Bremelanotide: First Approval. Drugs. 2019;79(14):1599-1606. PubMed 31429064
- Pfaus JG, Shadiack A, et al. Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(27):10201-4. PubMed 15226502
- Pfaus JG, Sadiq A, et al. The neurobiology of bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. CNS Spectr. 2022;27(3):281-289. PubMed 33455598
- Diamond LE, Earle DC, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2004;16(1):51-9. PubMed 14963471
- Diamond LE, Earle DC, et al. An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist. J Sex Med. 2006;3(4):628-638. PubMed 16839319
- Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, et al. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):899-908. PubMed 31599840
- Clayton AH, Kingsberg SA, et al. Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022;31(2):171-182. PubMed 35147466
- Mestria S, Odoardi S, et al. LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs. Drug Test Anal. 2021;13(4):876-882. PubMed 33245851
Research summary reviewed 2026-10-26 against the cited literature.
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